Novel probiotic approach to counter Paenibacillus larvae infection in honey bees

摘要

Retrospective analysis of BioPatty supplementation following natural AFB outbreak. Molecular identification of BMR43-81 by rep-PCR using ERIC primers. Red arrow = 970 bp confirmation band for subsp. . Black arrows = characteristic banding pattern for previously established ERIC subtype I profile. Pathogen load of whole honey bee larvae from inner brood frames of experimental hives was determined by plating extracted homogenates on MY agar media. Colony forming units (CFU) obtained represent the mean ± standard deviation (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons) of  = 10 pooled larval samples for each treatment group (three larvae per pooled sample). Pathogen activity of whole honey bee larvae from inner brood frames of experimental hives was determined via a modified Holst milk test clearance assay. Mean casein hydrolysis ± standard deviation (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons) of  = 6 pooled larval samples for each treatment group (three larvae per pooled sample) with triplicate technical repeats are shown. , qPCR-based quantification of dominant microbiota phylotypes and supplemental lactobacilli across treatment groups. Data represents the median (line in box), IQR (box), and minimum/maximum (whiskers) of  = 6 pooled larval samples for each treatment group (three larvae per pooled sample) with duplicate technical repeats. Statistical comparisons shown for one-way ANOVA (dominant microbiota phylotypes) and Kruskal–Wallis (supplemental lactobacilli) tests with Dunnett’s and Dunn’s multiple comparisons, respectively. ns = not significant, *  P P P