Diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure: NICE guideline update 2018

摘要

Heart failure (HF) is a common problem affecting almost 1 million people in the UK. Prevalence increases with age, rising to 10% in people aged ≥75 years. The diagnosis requires symptoms and evidence of a structural or functional abnormality of the heart. HF is classified according to left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). In HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) the EF is below 40%, and in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) the EF is ≥50% but there is evidence of impaired relaxation and stiffness in the left ventricle. The type of HF is important for determining further management options. Arrhythmias and valvular heart disease are also important causes of HF.