anti-Diastereo- and Enantioselective Carbonyl Crotylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level Employing a Cyclometallated Iridium Catalyst: α-Methyl Allyl Acetate as a Surrogate to Preformed Crotylmetal Reagents

摘要

Under the conditions of transfer hydrogenation employing an ortho-cyclometallated iridium catalyst generated in situ from [Ir(cod)Cl]2, 4-cyano-3-nitrobenzoic acid and the chiral phosphine ligand (S)-SEGPHOS, α-methyl allyl acetate couples to alcohols >1a–1j with complete levels of branched regioselectivity to furnish products of carbonyl crotylation >3a–3j, which are formed with good levels of anti-diastereoselectivity and exceptional levels of enantioselectivity. An identical set of optically enriched carbonyl crotylation products >3a–3j is accessible from the corresponding aldehydes >2a–2j under the same conditions, but employing isopropanol as the terminal reductant. Experiments aimed at probing the origins of stereoselection establish a matched mode of ionization for the (R)-acetate and the iridium catalyst modified by (S)-SEGPHOS, as well as reversible ionization of the allylic acetate with rapid π-facial interconversion of the resulting π-crotyl intermediate in advance of C-C bond formation. Additionally, rapid alcohol-aldehyde redox equilibration in advance of carbonyl addition is demonstrated. Thus, anti-diastereo- and enantioselective carbonyl crotylation from the alcohol or aldehyde oxidation level is achieved in the absence of any stoichiometric metallic reagents or stoichiometric metallic byproducts.