Comparative Effectiveness of a Mindful Eating Intervention to a Diabetes Self-Management Intervention among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

摘要

Mindful eating offers promise as an effective approach for weight management and glycemic control in people with diabetes. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is an essential component of effective self-care. Yet, little research has compared the effect of mindful eating to DSME-based treatment. This study compared the impact of these two interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A prospective randomized controlled trial with two parallel interventions was employed. Participants included adults aged 35–65 with T2DM for ≥ 1 year, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27.0, and A1c ≥ 7.0% who were randomly assigned to a 3-month mindful eating (MB-EAT-D; n=27) or Smart Choices (SC) DSME-based (n=25) intervention. Follow-up occurred 3-months following intervention completion. Dietary intake, physical activity, weight, glycemia, and fasting insulin were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA with contrast analysis. There was no significant difference between groups in the change in weight or glycemia at study end. Significant difference occurred between groups in the change in dietary intake/1000 kcal of trans fats, total fiber, and sugars (all P<0.05). Mean (±SE) reduction in weight (−2.92 ± 0.54 kg for SC vs. −1.53 ± 0.54 kg for MB-EAT-D) and A1c (−0.67 ± 0.24% for SC and −0.83 ± 0.24% for MB-EAT-D) were significant (P<0.01). Significant reduction in energy intake and glycemic load occurred (all P<0.0001) for both groups. Training in mindful eating and diabetes self-management facilitate improvement in dietary intake, modest weight loss, and glycemic control. The availability of effective treatments allows diabetes patients choices in meeting their self-care needs.