Mortality Rates of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

摘要

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a common respiratory virus, can cause severe disease in pre- and post-hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis in HCT patients with HMPV (N=23) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, N=23) detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples by reverse-transcription PCR between 2006 and 2011 to determine disease characteristics and factors associated with outcome. Mortality rates at 100 days were 43% for both HMPV and RSV lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). Steroid therapy, oxygen requirement > 2L or mechanical ventilation and bone marrow as cell source were significant risk factors for overall and virus-related mortality in multivariable models while the virus type was not. The presence of centrilobularodular radiographic infiltrates was a possible protective factor for mechanical ventilation. Thus, HMPV LRTD is associated with high mortality in HCT recipients. Earlier detection in combination with new antiviral therapy is needed to reduce mortality among HCT recipients.