Two Carthamus tinctorius varieties (Jawhara and 104) were studied in order to investigate their natural dyes contents and biological activities. Obtained results showed that quinochalcone contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of flowering stages. So flowers at fructification stage contained the highest carthamin content with the strongest antioxidant capacity with all assays (FRAP, DPPH, and chelating power methods). In parallel, we showed a decrease in the content of precarthamin. The quantitative variation of these molecules could be due to colour change of C. tinctorius flowers. Correlation analysis indicated that the ABTS method showed the highest correlation coefficients with carthamin and precarthamin contents, that is, 0.886 and 0.973, respectively. Concerning the regional effect, the contents of precarthamin and carthamin varied significantly (P < 0.05) at studied regions with the optimum production given by samples of Beja (902.41 μg/g DW and 42.05 μg/g DW, respectively, at flowering stage). During flowering, the antimicrobial activity of these two natural dyes increased where the maximum inhibitory effect mentioned with carthamin mainly against E. coli (iz = 25.89 mm) at fructification stage. Therefore, the increased frequency of resistance to commonly used antibiotics leads to the search for new effective natural drugs at food and pharmaceutical industries.
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机译：为了研究它们的天然染料含量和生物学活性，研究了两个红花变种（Jawhara和104）。结果表明，随着开花期的增加，喹啉酮的含量和抗氧化活性变化很大。因此，在所有试验（FRAP，DPPH和螯合能力方法）中，处于果糖化阶段的花朵均具有最高的类胡萝卜素含量和最强的抗氧化能力。同时，我们显示出前胡萝卜素含量的减少。这些分子的数量变化可能是由于C. tinctorius花的颜色变化。相关性分析表明，ABTS方法与香豆素和前胡萝卜素含量的相关系数最高，分别为0.886和0.973。就区域效应而言，在所研究的地区，前菜素和红花素的含量存在显着差异（P <0.05），其中以贝雅（Beja）样品的最佳产量为最佳（开花期分别为902.41μg/ g DW和42.05μg/ g DW）。在开花过程中，这两种天然染料的抗菌活性增加，其中在水果化阶段，红花素提到的最大抑制作用主要是对大肠杆菌的抑制作用（iz = 25.89 mm）。因此，对常用抗生素的抗药性增加导致在食品和制药行业寻找新的有效天然药物。
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