Pharmacological and toxicological profile of opioid-treated chronic low back pain patients entering a mindfulness intervention randomized controlled trial

摘要

OBJECTIVERefractory chronic low back pain (CLBP) often leads to treatment with long-term opioids. Our goal was to describe the pharmaco-toxicological profile of opioid-treated CLBP patients and identify potential areas for care optimization.