How strong is the fake ID effect? An examination using propensity score matching in two samples

摘要

BACKGROUNDUnderage college students who obtain and use false identification (fake ID) are at risk for negative outcomes. However, it is currently unclear how uniquely the fake ID itself serves as a vehicle to subsequent harm (i.e., the “fake ID effect”) over and above general and trait-related risk factors (e.g., deviant peers, low self-control).