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Assessing Fifty Years of General Health Surveillance of Roe Deer in Switzerland: A Retrospective Analysis of Necropsy Reports

机译:评估瑞士Ro的一般健康监测五十年:尸检报告的回顾性分析

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摘要

General wildlife health surveillance is a valuable source of information on the causes of mortality, disease susceptibility and pathology of the investigated hosts and it is considered to be an essential component of early warning systems. However, the representativeness of data from such surveillance programs is known to be limited by numerous biases. The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus capreolus) is the most abundant ungulate and a major game species all over Europe. Yet, internationally available literature on roe deer pathology is scarce. The aims of this study were (1) to provide an overview of the causes of mortality or morbidity observed in roe deer in Switzerland and to assess potential changes in the disease pattern over time; and (2) to evaluate the value and limitations of a long term dataset originating from general wildlife health surveillance. We compiled 1571 necropsy reports of free ranging roe deer examined at the Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health in Switzerland from 1958 to 2014. Descriptive data analysis was performed considering animal metadata, submitter, pathologist in charge, laboratory methods, morphological diagnoses and etiologies. Recurrent causes of mortality and disease pictures included pneumonia, diarrhea, meningoencephalitis, actinomycosis, blunt trauma, predation, neoplasms and anomalies. By contrast, other diagnoses such as fatal parasitic gastritis, suspected alimentary intoxication and reproductive disorders appeared only in earlier time periods. Diseases potentially relevant for other animals or humans such as caseous lymphadenitis (or pseudotuberculosis), salmonellosis, paratuberculosis and listeriosis were sporadically observed. The disease pattern in roe deer from Switzerland was largely in accordance with previous reports. The observed fluctuations were consistent with methodical and/or personnel changes and varying disease awareness. Nevertheless, despite such limitations, the compiled data provide a valuable baseline. To facilitate comparison among studies, we recommend systematically archiving all case documents and fixed tissues and to perform data analyses more regularly and in a harmonized way.
机译:全面的野生动植物健康监测是有关被调查宿主死亡原因,疾病易感性和病理的重要信息来源,被认为是预警系统的重要组成部分。但是,已知来自此类监视程序的数据的代表性受到众多偏见的限制。 Europe(Capreolus capreolus capreolus)是全欧洲最有蹄类动物和主要猎物。然而,国际上有关ro病理学的文献很少。这项研究的目的是(1)概述瑞士ro中观察到的死亡或发病原因,并评估该病随时间的潜在变化; (2)评估源自一般野生动植物健康监测的长期数据集的价值和局限性。我们收集了1958年至2014年在瑞士鱼类和野生动物健康中心检查的自由放养ro的尸体剖检报告1571。进行了描述性数据分析,考虑了动物元数据,提交者,主管病理学家,实验室方法,形态学诊断和病因。死亡和疾病的复发原因包括肺炎,腹泻,脑膜脑炎,放线菌病,钝器外伤,捕食,肿瘤和异常。相比之下,其他诊断,例如致命的寄生性胃炎,可疑的食物中毒和生殖功能障碍,则仅在较早的时期出现。偶尔观察到与其他动物或人类潜在相关的疾病,如干酪性淋巴结炎(或假结核),沙门氏菌病,副结核病和李斯特菌病。来自瑞士的e的病态在很大程度上与先前的报道一致。观察到的波动与方法和/或人员变化以及对疾病的意识变化一致。尽管如此,尽管有这些限制,但编译后的数据仍提供了有价值的基线。为了促进研究之间的比较,我们建议系统地存档所有病例文档和固定的组织,并更定期,更统一地进行数据分析。

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