Subcellular organization of GPCR signaling

摘要

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large and diverse class of signal-transducing receptors that undergo dynamic and isoform-specific membrane trafficking. GPCRs thus have an inherent potential to initiate or regulate signaling reactions from multiple membrane locations. The present review discusses emerging insight to the subcellular organization of GPCR function in mammalian cells, focusing on signaling transduced by heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins. We summarize recent evidence indicating that GPCR-mediated activation of G proteins occurs not only from the plasma membrane but also from endosomes and Golgi membranes, and that β-arrestin-dependent signaling can be transduced from the plasma membrane by β-arrestin trafficking to clathrin-coated pits after dissociating from a ligand-activated GPCR.