Passive movements of Li in dog red blood cells (RBC) ar like those of Na and protons in being stimulated by osmotic cell shrinkage and inhibited by amiloride. Li and protons have similar asymmetrical effects on Na-H exchange. When the intracellular fluid is made rich in Li or protons, Na-H exchange is stimulated. When the extracellular fluid is enriched in Li or protons, Na-H exchange is inhibited. In the case of protons, these effects can override alterations in driving force that are created by the experimental conditions. For example, acidification of the cytoplasm stimulates outward Na movements, while acidification of the medium inhibits Na efflux. Thus, protons (and, by analogy, Li) can interact with the Na-H exchanger not only as substrates but also as modulators. In previous experiments, the only way to activate the Na-H exchanger in dog RBC was to shrink the cells in hypertonic media. The influences of Li or protons, however, are so strong as to preempt the volume effects, so that the pathway can be activated even in swollen cells and deactivated in shrunken ones.
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机译:分离的核酸(多核苷酸),反义寡核苷酸,抑制或减少编码CO2SEN蛋白的消息和/或CO2SEN蛋白或植物多聚核苷酸和多肽多糖的植物植株的表达的方法植物保护细胞,植物细胞,植物片,植物组织或植物,植物的一部分的碳吸收量和碳排量的负,正调节及增加,碳保护层和水流以及CO 2 / CO 2交换水交换或损失水开放植物,关闭植物的气孔,部分植物,器官,植物片或植物细胞,以增强或优化植物,植物片,器官,植物,植物的一部分上的生物量积累,植物,种子或植物细胞中的植物细胞或种子,板温度的降低和蒸腾强度的提高,降低了T型保护细胞中的效率降低和碳含量