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Germination Biology of Two Invasive Physalis Species and Implications for Their Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

机译:干旱和半干旱地区两种入侵性酸浆物种的萌发生物学及其管理意义

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摘要

Two Solanaceae invasive plant species (Physalis angulata L. and P. philadelphica Lam. var. immaculata Waterfall) infest several arable crops and natural habitats in Southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. However, almost no information is available regarding germination biology of both species. We performed several experiments to infer the effects of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of different populations of both species collected from various locations with different elevations and habitat characteristics. Seed dormancy level of all populations was decreased with increasing age of the seeds. Seed dormancy of freshly harvested and aged seeds of all populations was effectively released by running tap water. Germination was slightly affected by photoperiods, which suggests that seeds are slightly photoblastic. All seeds germinated under wide range of temperature (15–40 °C), pH (4–10), osmotic potential (0 to −1.2 MPa) and salinity (0–400 mM sodium chloride) levels. The germination ability of both plant species under wide range of environmental conditions suggests further invasion potential towards non-infested areas in the country. Increasing seed burial depth significantly reduced the seedling emergence, and seeds buried below 4 cm of soil surface were unable to emerge. In arable lands, soil inversion to maximum depth of emergence (i.e., 6 cm) followed by conservational tillage could be utilized as a viable management option.
机译:土耳其茄属的两种入侵植物物种(酸浆Phys(Angalis angulata L.)和P. philadelphica Lam。var。immaculata Waterfall)感染了土耳其东南安纳托利亚地区的几种可耕作物和自然栖息地。但是,几乎没有关于两个物种的萌发生物学的信息。我们进行了几个实验,以推断环境因素对从不同海拔和栖息地特征的不同地点收集的两种物种的不同种群的种子发芽和幼苗出苗的影响。随着种子年龄的增加,所有种群的种子休眠水平均降低。自来水有效地释放了所有种群新鲜收获和老化的种子的种子休眠。发芽受到光周期的轻微影响,这表明种子具有轻微的光胚作用。所有种子都在很宽的温度(15–40 C),pH(4–10),渗透势(0至-1.2 MPa)和盐度(0–400 mM氯化钠)水平下发芽。两种植物在广泛的环境条件下的发芽能力都表明该国未受侵染的地区有进一步的入侵潜力。增加种子埋藏深度会显着减少幼苗出苗,并且埋在土壤表面4 cm以下的种子无法出苗。在耕地中,将土壤倒置至最大出苗深度(即6厘米),然后进行保护性耕作可作为可行的管理选择。

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