A Lithium-ion Battery Using Partially Lithiated Graphite Anode and Amphi-redox LiMn2O4 Cathode

摘要

Delithiation followed by lithiation of Li⁺-occupied (n-type) tetrahedral sites of cubic LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) at ~4 >V>Li/>Li⁺ (delivering ~100 mAh gLMO ⁻¹) has been used for energy storage by lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, we utilized unoccupied (p-type) octahedral sites of LMO available for lithiation at ~3 >V>Li/>Li⁺ (delivering additional ~100 mAh gLMO ⁻¹) that have never been used for LIBs in full-cell configuration. The whole capacity of amphi-redox LMO, including both oxidizable n-type and reducible p-type redox sites, at ~200 mAh gLMO ⁻¹ was realized by using the reactions both at 4 >V>Li/>Li⁺ and 3 >V>Li/>Li⁺. Durable reversibility of the 3 V reaction was achieved by graphene-wrapping LMO nanoparticles (LMO@Gn). Prelithiated graphite (LinC6, n < 1) was used as anodes to lithiate the unoccupied octahedral sites of LMO for the 3 V reaction.