The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of x-ray dark-field radiography to detect pneumothoraces in a pig model. Eight pigs were imaged with an experimental grating-based large-animal dark-field scanner before and after induction of a unilateral pneumothorax. Image contrast-to-noise ratios between lung tissue and the air-filled pleural cavity were quantified for transmission and dark-field radiograms. The projected area in the object plane of the inflated lung was measured in dark-field images to quantify the collapse of lung parenchyma due to a pneumothorax. Means and standard deviations for lung sizes and signal intensities from dark-field and transmission images were tested for statistical significance using Student’s two-tailed t-test for paired samples. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the air-filled pleural space of lateral pneumothoraces and lung tissue was significantly higher in the dark-field (3.65 ± 0.9) than in the transmission images (1.13 ± 1.1; p = 0.002). In case of dorsally located pneumothoraces, a significant decrease (−20.5%; p > 0.0001) in the projected area of inflated lung parenchyma was found after a pneumothorax was induced. Therefore, the detection of pneumothoraces in x-ray dark-field radiography was facilitated compared to transmission imaging in a large animal model.
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机译：这项研究的目的是评估X射线暗场射线照相术对猪模型中气胸的诊断价值。在诱导单侧气胸之前和之后，使用实验性的基于光栅的大动物暗场扫描仪对八只猪进行成像。肺组织和充满空气的胸膜腔之间的图像对比度-噪声比被量化用于透射和暗场射线照相。在暗场图像中测量了膨胀的肺的物平面中的投影面积，以量化由于气胸导致的肺实质塌陷。使用Student的双尾t检验对成对的样本，对来自暗场和透射图像的肺大小和信号强度的平均值和标准偏差进行了统计学意义的检验。暗视野（3.65±±0.9）处，侧气胸的充气胸膜空间与肺组织之间的对比度噪声比透射图像（1.13±±1.1； p = 0.002）显着更高。对于背侧气胸患者，诱发气胸后，发现肺实质膨胀的投影面积显着减少（-20.5％； p> 0.0001）。因此，与大型动物模型中的透射成像相比，X射线暗场射线照相术中气胸的检测更加方便。
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