Ions dissolved in aqueous media play a fundamental role in plants, animals, and humans. Therefore, the in situ quantification of the ion concentration in aqueous media is gathering relevant interest in several fields including biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, healthcare products, water and food test and control, agriculture industry and security. The fundamental limitation of the state-of-art transistor-based approaches is the intrinsic trade-off between sensitivity, ion concentration range and operating voltage. Here we show a current-driven configuration based on organic electrochemical transistors that overcomes this fundamental limit. The measured ion sensitivity exceeds by one order of magnitude the Nernst limit at an operating voltage of few hundred millivolts. The ion sensitivity normalized to the supply voltage is larger than 1200 mV V−1 dec−1, which is the largest value ever reported for ion-sensitive transistors. The proposed approach is general and can be extended to any transistor technology, thus opening opportunities for high-performance bioelectronics.
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机译：溶解在水性介质中的离子在植物，动物和人类中起着基本作用。因此，水介质中离子浓度的原位定量在几个领域引起了人们的关注，这些领域包括生物医学诊断，环境监测，保健产品，水和食品测试与控制，农业和安全。现有技术的基于晶体管的方法的基本限制是灵敏度，离子浓度范围和工作电压之间的内在平衡。在这里，我们展示了基于有机电化学晶体管的电流驱动配置，该配置克服了这一基本限制。在几百毫伏的工作电压下，测得的离子灵敏度超过能斯特极限一个数量级。归一化到电源电压的离子灵敏度大于1200 mV V -1 dec -1 ，这是离子敏感晶体管有史以来的最大值。所提出的方法是通用的，并且可以扩展到任何晶体管技术，从而为高性能生物电子学打开了机会。
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