Fossil black smoker yields oxygen isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic seawater

摘要

The evolution of the seawater oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O) through geological time remains controversial. Yet, the past δ¹⁸Oseawater is key to assess past seawater temperatures, providing insights into past climate change and life evolution. Here we provide a new and unprecedentedly precise δ¹⁸O value of −1.33 ± 0.98‰ for the Neoproterozoic bottom seawater supporting a constant oxygen isotope composition through time. We demonstrate that the Aït Ahmane ultramafic unit of the ca. 760 Ma Bou Azzer ophiolite (Morocco) host a fossil black smoker-type hydrothermal system. In this system we analyzed an untapped archive for the ocean oxygen isotopic composition consisting in pure magnetite veins directly precipitated from a Neoproterozoic seawater-derived fluid. Our results suggest that, while δ¹⁸Oseawater and submarine hydrothermal processes were likely similar to present day, Neoproterozoic oceans were 15–30 °C warmer on the eve of the Sturtian glaciation and the major life diversification that followed.