首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Royal Society Interface >Surface contact and design of fibrillar ‘friction pads’ in stick insects (Carausius morosus): mechanisms for large friction coefficients and negligible adhesion
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Surface contact and design of fibrillar ‘friction pads’ in stick insects (Carausius morosus): mechanisms for large friction coefficients and negligible adhesion

机译:粘虫(Carausius morosus)的表面接触和原纤维摩擦垫的设计:摩擦系数大且附着力可忽略的机制

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摘要

Many stick insects and mantophasmids possess tarsal ‘heel pads’ (euplantulae) covered by arrays of conical, micrometre-sized hairs (acanthae). These pads are used mainly under compression; they respond to load with increasing shear resistance, and show negligible adhesion. Reflected-light microscopy in stick insects (Carausius morosus) revealed that the contact area of ‘heel pads’ changes with normal load on three hierarchical levels. First, loading brought larger areas of the convex pads into contact. Second, loading increased the density of acanthae in contact. Third, higher loads changed the shape of individual hair contacts gradually from circular (tip contact) to elongated (side contact). The resulting increase in real contact area can explain the load dependence of friction, indicating a constant shear stress between acanthae and substrate. As the euplantula contact area is negligible for small loads (similar to hard materials), but increases sharply with load (resembling soft materials), these pads show high friction coefficients despite little adhesion. This property appears essential for the pads’ use in locomotion. Several morphological characteristics of hairy friction pads are in apparent contrast to hairy pads used for adhesion, highlighting key adaptations for both pad types. Our results are relevant for the design of fibrillar structures with high friction coefficients but small adhesion.
机译:许多竹节虫和线虫都具有骨“脚跟垫”(euplantulae),上面覆盖着一系列圆锥形,微米级的毛发(棘形)。这些垫主要在压缩状态下使用。它们以增加的抗剪切力来应对载荷,并表现出微不足道的附着力。棒状昆虫(Carausius morosus)的反射光显微镜显示,“脚跟垫”的接触面积随正常负载在三个层次上变化。首先,载荷使凸垫的更大面积接触。其次,负载增加了接触中的棘皮密度。第三,较高的负载逐渐将单个头发接触的形状从圆形(尖端接触)变为拉长(侧面接触)。实际接触面积的增加可以解释摩擦的载荷依赖性,表明棘突和基底之间的剪切应力恒定。由于小负载(类似于硬质材料)的种植体接触面积可忽略不计,但随负载(类似于软质材料)急剧增加,因此这些垫尽管附着力很小但仍显示出高摩擦系数。此属性对于垫在运动中的使用显得必不可少。毛状摩擦垫的几种形态特征与用于粘附的毛状垫明显不同,突出了两种摩擦垫的关键适应性。我们的结果与高摩擦系数但附着力小的原纤维结构设计有关。

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