Incidence and determinants of moderate COPD (GOLD II) in male smokers aged 40–65 years: 5-year follow up

摘要

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem with an estimated prevalence of 10–15% among smokers. The incidence of moderate COPD, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), is largely unknown.