Dépistage de la maladie du sommeil: efficacité comparée des équipes mobiles et des agents de santé communautaires.

摘要

The solution to the problem of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) first of all requires improved case detection. Effective tests have been available for a number of years but the results of medical surveys are still mediocre, mainly because the populations are poorly mobilized. Those few mobile teams still visiting villages obtain very low presentation rates. In spite of major information campaigns among villagers, in Côte d'Ivoire the Institut Pierre Richet (IPR) and Trypanosomiasis Clinical Research Project (PRCT) teams examined only 42% (9311) of the 22,300 inhabitants of a disease focus during a conventional ten-day survey. In the same focus, community health workers specially trained in sleeping sickness and in the collection of blood samples on filter-paper examined 73% of the population (15,000 individuals) in less than two months. Implementation of a sleeping sickness control strategy is restricted to two types of intervention: either conventional mobile teams which are on hand, competent and rapidly operational but which fail to carry out exhaustive case detection, or integration of case detection into primary health care by entrusting surveillance to the community health workers. This approach requires a minimum of training but ensures that sentinels are permanently present in the village communities. By using the community health workers rather than mobile teams it should be possible to achieve comprehensive monitoring. In operational terms, the cost of surveillance per person is US$ 0.55 for the mobile teams as against US$ 0.10 for the community health workers. Integration of HAT case detection into primary health care is therefore an effective and economical solution, provided the community health workers are properly supervised and above all motivated.