Accurate information acquisition is of vital importance for wireless sensor array network (WSAN) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. However, due to the lossy nature of low-power wireless links, data loss, especially block data loss induced by adopting a large packet size, has a catastrophic effect on DOA estimation performance in WSAN. In this paper, we propose a double-layer compressive sensing (CS) framework to eliminate the hazards of block data loss, to achieve high accuracy and efficient DOA estimation. In addition to modeling the random packet loss during transmission as a passive CS process, an active CS procedure is introduced at each array sensor to further enhance the robustness of transmission. Furthermore, to avoid the error propagation from signal recovery to DOA estimation in conventional methods, we propose a direct DOA estimation technique under the double-layer CS framework. Leveraging a joint frequency and spatial domain sparse representation of the sensor array data, the fusion center (FC) can directly obtain the DOA estimation results according to the received data packets, skipping the phase of signal recovery. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the double-layer CS framework can eliminate the adverse effects induced by block data loss and yield a superior DOA estimation performance in WSAN.
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