It has been argued recently that the initial dispersal of anatomically modern humans from Africa to southern Asia occurred before the volcanic “supereruption” of the Mount Toba volcano (Sumatra) at ∼74,000 y before present (B.P.)—possibly as early as 120,000 y B.P. We show here that this “pre-Toba” dispersal model is in serious conflict with both the most recent genetic evidence from both Africa and Asia and the archaeological evidence from South Asian sites. We present an alternative model based on a combination of genetic analyses and recent archaeological evidence from South Asia and Africa. These data support a coastally oriented dispersal of modern humans from eastern Africa to southern Asia ∼60–50 thousand years ago (ka). This was associated with distinctively African microlithic and “backed-segment” technologies analogous to the African “Howiesons Poort” and related technologies, together with a range of distinctively “modern” cultural and symbolic features (highly shaped bone tools, personal ornaments, abstract artistic motifs, microblade technology, etc.), similar to those that accompanied the replacement of “archaic” Neanderthal by anatomically modern human populations in other regions of western Eurasia at a broadly similar date.
展开▼
机译：最近有人争辩说，解剖学上现代人类从非洲到南亚的最初扩散发生在托巴山火山（苏门答腊）的火山“喷发”之前，大约在目前（B.P.）之前约74,000 y，可能最早出现在120,000 y B.P.。我们在这里表明，“ Toba之前”的传播模型与来自非洲和亚洲的最新遗传证据以及来自南亚站点的考古证据都存在严重冲突。我们基于遗传分析和来自南亚和非洲的最新考古证据，提出了一种替代模型。这些数据支持了大约6万至5万年前从东非向南亚沿海地区现代人类的扩散（ka）。这与类似于非洲“ Howiesons Poort”的非洲微石器时代和“后段”技术及相关技术，以及一系列独特的“现代”文化和象征特征（形状高大的骨头工具，个人装饰品，抽象艺术作品）相关。图案，微刀片技术等），类似于在大致相似的时期以欧亚大陆其他地区的解剖学上现代的人类种群取代“过时的”尼安德特人。
展开▼
