Self-Incompatibility-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Field Poppy Pollen Involves Dramatic Acidification of the Incompatible Pollen Tube Cytosol

摘要

Self-incompatibility () is an important genetically controlled mechanism to prevent inbreeding in higher plants. involves highly specific interactions during pollination, resulting in the rejection of incompatible (self) pollen. Programmed cell death () is an important mechanism for destroying cells in a precisely regulated manner. in field poppy (Papaver rhoeas) triggers in incompatible pollen. During -induced , we previously observed a major acidification of the pollen cytosol. Here, we present measurements of temporal alterations in cytosolic pH (); they were surprisingly rapid, reaching pH 6.4 within 10 min of induction and stabilizing by 60 min at pH 5.5. By manipulating the of the pollen tubes in vivo, we show that acidification is an integral and essential event for -induced . Here, we provide evidence showing the physiological relevance of the cytosolic acidification and identify key targets of this major physiological alteration. A small drop in inhibits the activity of a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase required for pollen tube growth. We also show that acidification is necessary and sufficient for triggering several key hallmark features of the href="#def6" rid="def6" class=" def">PCD signaling pathway, notably activation of a DEVDase/caspase-3-like activity and formation of href="#def9" rid="def9" class=" def">SI-induced punctate actin foci. Importantly, the actin binding proteins Cyclase-Associated Protein and Actin-Depolymerizing Factor are identified as key downstream targets. Thus, we have shown the biological relevance of an extreme but physiologically relevant alteration in href="#def7" rid="def7" class=" def">[pH]cyt and its effect on several components in the context of href="#def9" rid="def9" class=" def">SI-induced events and href="#def6" rid="def6" class=" def">PCD.