Repeated head trauma experienced by active professional fighters results in various structural, functional and perfusion damage. However, whether there are common regions of structural and perfusion damage due to fighting and whether these structural and perfusion differences are associated with neuropsychological measurements in active professional fighters is still unknown. To that end, T1-weighted and pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI on a group of healthy controls and active professional fighters were acquired. Voxelwise group comparisons, in a univariate and multivariate sense, were performed to investigate differences in gray and white matter density (GMD, WMD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the two groups. A significantly positive association between global GMD and WMD was obtained with psychomotor speed and reaction time, respectively, in our cohort of active professional fighters. In addition, regional WMD deficit was observed in a cluster encompassing bilateral pons, hippocampus, and thalamus in fighters (0.49 ± 0.04 arbitrary units (a.u.)) as compared to controls (0.51 ± 0.05a.u.). WMD in the cluster of active fighters was also significantly associated with reaction time. Significantly lower CBF was observed in right inferior temporal lobe with both partial volume corrected (46.9 ± 14.93 ml/100 g/min) and non-partial volume corrected CBF maps (25.91 ± 7.99 ml/100 g/min) in professional fighters, as compared to controls (65.45 ± 22.24 ml/100 g/min and 35.22 ± 12.18 ml/100 g/min respectively). A paradoxical increase in CBF accompanying right cerebellum and fusiform gyrus in the active professional fighters (29.52 ± 13.03 ml/100 g/min) as compared to controls (19.43 ± 12.56 ml/100 g/min) was observed with non-partial volume corrected CBF maps. Multivariate analysis with both structural and perfusion measurements found the same clusters as univariate analysis in addition to a cluster in right precuneus. Both partial volume corrected and non-partial volume corrected CBF of the cluster in the thalamus had a significantly positive association with the number of fights. In addition, GMD of the cluster in right precuneus was significantly associated with psychomotor speed in our cohort of active professional fighters. Our results suggest a heterogeneous pattern of structural and CBF deficits due to repeated head trauma in active professional fighters. This finding indicates that investigating both structural and CBF changes in the same set of participants may help to understand the pathophysiology and progression of cognitive decline due to repeated head trauma.
展开▼
机译:活跃的专业战士反复遭受头部外伤会导致各种结构,功能和灌注损伤。然而,尚不清楚由于战斗而存在结构和灌注损伤的共同区域,以及这些结构和灌注差异是否与现役专业战士的神经心理学测量有关。为此,获得了一组健康对照和活跃专业战斗人员的T1加权和伪连续动脉自旋标记MRI。在单变量和多变量意义上进行了Voxelwise组比较,以研究两组之间的灰色和白色物质密度(GMD,WMD)和脑血流量(CBF)的差异。在我们活跃的专业战斗机群中,全球GMD与WMD之间的显着正相关分别与心理运动速度和反应时间有关。此外,与对照(0.51±0.05a.u。)相比,在战斗机(0.49±0.04任意单位(a.u.))中包含双侧脑桥,海马和丘脑的簇中观察到区域大规模杀伤性武器缺乏。主动战斗机群中的大规模杀伤性武器也与反应时间密切相关。在右下颞叶观察到CBF明显降低,在专业战斗机中,部分体积校正(46.9±14.93ml / 100g / min)和非部分体积校正的CBF图(25.91±7.99ml / 100g / min)与对照组相比(分别为65.45±22.24 ml / 100 g / min和35.22±12.18 ml / 100 g / min)。观察到活跃的专业战斗机(29.52±13.03ml / 100g / min)中伴有右小脑和梭状回的CBF与对照(19.43±12.56ml / 100g / min)相比呈反常增加CBF地图。进行结构和灌注测量的多变量分析发现,除了右胎前的聚类外,还发现了与单变量分析相同的聚类。丘脑中簇的部分体积校正和非部分体积校正的CBF均与搏动次数呈显着正相关。此外,在我们活跃的专业战斗人员队列中,右侧早突簇的GMD与精神运动速度显着相关。我们的结果表明,由于活跃的专业战斗机反复头部受伤,导致结构和CBF缺乏的异质性模式。这一发现表明,调查同一组参与者的结构和CBF变化可能有助于了解由于反复头部创伤而引起的认知障碍的病理生理和进展。
展开▼