Postoperative pain nausea and vomiting among pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing cystocele and rectocele repair surgery

摘要

BackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative pain are among the most common side-effects of surgery. Many factors, such as a change in the level of sex hormones, are reported to affect these complications. This study aimed to evaluate the probable effects of the menopause on PONV and postoperative pain.