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New Corticopontine Connections in the Primate Brain: Contralateral Projections From the Arm/Hand Area of the Precentral Motor Region

机译:灵长类动物大脑中新的皮质激素连接:来自中央运动区手臂/手部区域的对侧投影

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摘要

The ipsilateral corticopontine projection (iCPP) represents a massive descending axon system terminating in the pontine nuclei (PN). In the primate, this projection is well known for its dominant influence on contralateral upper limb movements through the classical cerebrocerebellar circuity system. Although a much weaker contralateral corticopontine projection (cCPP) from motor cortex to the paramedian region has been reported in the non-human primate brain, we provide the first comprehensive description of the cCPP from the lateral motor cortex using high resolution anterograde tract tracing in Macaca mulatta. We found a relatively light cCPP from the hand/arm area of the primary motor cortex (M1), comparatively moderate cCPP from ventrolateral premotor cortex (LPMCv) and a more robust and widespread cCPP from the dorsolateral premotor cortex (LPMCd) that involved all nine contralateral PN. The M1 projection primarily targeted the dorsal pontine region, the LPMCv projection targeted the medial pontine region and LPMCd targeted both regions. These results show the first stage of the primate frontomotor cerebrocerebellar projection is bilateral, and may affect both ipsilateral and contralateral limbs. Clinically, the cCPP originating in the non-injured hemisphere may influence the recovery process of the more affected upper extremity following subtotal unilateral damage to the lateral cortical region. The cCPP may also contribute to the mild impairment of the upper limb contralateral to a unilateral cerebellar injury.
机译:同侧皮质肾上腺素投射(iCPP)代表终止于桥脑核(PN)的巨大下降轴突系统。在灵长类动物中,此投影因其通过经典的小脑小脑circuit回系统对侧上肢运动的主要影响而闻名。尽管在非人类灵长类动物大脑中已报道了从运动皮层到旁中区的对侧皮质肾上腺皮质投射(cCPP)较弱,但我们在猕猴中使用高分辨率顺行道描记提供了从侧运动皮层对cCPP的首次全面描述穆拉塔我们发现初级运动皮层(M1)的手/手臂区域的cCPP相对较轻,腹侧前运动皮层(LPMCv)的相对较适度的cCPP和背侧前运动皮层(LPMCd)的较健壮且分布较广的cCPP对侧PN。 M1投影主要针对背侧脑桥区域,LPMCv投影针对脑桥内侧区域,而LPMCd则针对两个区域。这些结果表明,灵长类动物前脑小脑小脑投射的第一阶段是双侧的,并且可能同时影响同侧和对侧肢体。在临床上,起源于未受伤半球的cCPP可能会影响对皮层外侧部分的次全侧损伤后受影响更大的上肢的恢复过程。 cCPP也可能导致单侧小脑损伤对侧上肢的轻度损伤。

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