The clinical and cost effectiveness of surgical interventions for stones in the lower pole of the kidney: the percutaneous nephrolithotomy flexible ureterorenoscopy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower pole kidney stones randomised controlled trial (PUrE RCT) protocol

摘要

Forest plot demonstrating the meta-analysis of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the outcome of stone-free rate at 3 months for lower pole stones ≤20mm. Albala and colleagues (2001) [ ] and Yuruk and colleagues (2010) [ ] reported outcomes for lower pole stones <20 mm. Albala and colleagues [ ] also reported outcomes for stones ≤10 mm and 11–20 mm (see Table 1 in Donaldson and colleagues [ ]). CI confidence interval, df degrees of freedom, M-H Mantel–Haenszel