Part IV: Reformers in medical education and practice: Effect of managed care organization in the United States

摘要

BACKGROUND:Part I (Can J Plast Surg 2000;8:25–29) established that standards of professional practice shift constantly. When a standard falls short of professional expectation or when a physician becomes more concerned with financial gain rather than patient care, society needs the action of a reformer. Parts I, II (Can J Plast Surg 2001;9:59–68) and III (Can J Plast Surg 2002;10:103–108) covered 500 BC to 1970 AD and comprised 31 physicians who introduced innovations in medical knowledge or medical philosophy. Part IV deals with a time in which new conditions have been imposed on medical practice. In the United States, medical education and practice felt the repercussions of financial institutions participating in health care management.