温泉水库溃坝洪水对格尔木市的影响评估

摘要

All of a sudden discharge of reservoir water is unfavorable situation,downstream of the reservoir area flood control hedging the worst. Wenquan Reservoir on the Golmud River is located in the seismic zone of Kunlun Mountains. It is significance to study the influence of abnormal dam break flood caused by earthquake to Golmud City. From the Wenquan Reservoir damsite to Golmud River mountain pass position is about 100 km long channel,where it used one-dimensional flow model to calculate and the water out from Golmud valley to the downtown,it used two-dimensional mathematical model for the affected area. The results show that under the conditions of check water level of the reservoir,dam break discharge is close to 5600 m3/s,the dam break flood about 6. 5 hours later arrives at the pass;the total flooded area is about 97. 5 km2 and flooding depth greater than 3 m area is about 2. 5 km2 . The research results can be provided for the planning of the city flood control and the urban people's flood control emergency.%水库水体突然泄放是水库下游地区防洪避险中最不利的情况。格尔木河上的温泉水库位于昆仑山地震带内，研究地震等超常溃坝洪水对下游的格尔木市造成的影响，意义重大。对温泉水库坝址到格尔木河出山口大约100 km河道采用一维水流模型进行计算，对水流出山谷后至格尔木市区的受影响区域采用平面二维数学模型进行计算。结果表明：校核水位下温泉水库溃坝流量接近5600 m3／s，溃坝洪水约6．5 h后到达山口；计算范围内总的淹没面积约97．5 km2，淹没水深大于3 m的面积约2．5 km2。该研究成果可为格尔木市防洪工程的规划及市区人民的防洪避险提供依据。