Aiming to the trend of agricultural water use during the process of urbanization and industrialization,this paper analyzed the change trend of agricultural indicators including national agricultural water consumption,effective irrigation area and consumption of irrigation water,and built the relationships among proportion of agricultural water use,rate of agricultural water,urbanization or proportion of industrial and agricultural production value from 1997 to 2011. The results show that although the consumption of agricultural water slightly declines, the proportion of total water consumption significantly decreases;the irrigation area is increased,but irrigation water use is basically stable because of the decrease of water use per mu;furthermore,there is a negative correlation between agricultural water and urbanization rate or industrial and agricultural production value. The composition of population and industry leads to the transport of labor and production ele-ments,which prompts the increasing requirement of non - agricultural water. Due to economic orientation planting structure is adjusted and sewage water irrigation will reduce the proportion of fresh water taking. In addition,capital input and scientific support are also the influen-cing factors that affect the agricultural water.%针对城镇化与工业化进程中农业用水保障问题，利用 Mann-Kendall 非参数秩次相关分析方法，分析了1997—2011年全国农业用水量、有效灌溉面积、每公顷用水量以及灌溉用水量等农业用水指标的变化，研究了农业用水量、总用水量、城镇化率等指标的整体变化及突变，构建了城镇化率、工农业产值与农业用水间的关系，发现全国农业用水量呈微弱减小趋势，其占总用水量的比例大幅下降，有效灌溉面积逐年上升，但每公顷用水量下降导致灌溉用水量基本稳定，城镇化率及工农业产值比例与农业用水占比具有显著的负相关性。系统分析了城镇化与工业化进程中影响农业用水的主要因素，得出人口结构及产业结构调整导致非农业用水需求提升，灌溉用水需求下降；经济导向驱动种植结构调整，间接影响农业用水量；水源污染主要对农业用水水质产生影响，污水灌溉将会减少新鲜水的取用比例；资金投入和科技支撑影响农业用水保障能力。
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