ADCP横渡法测流克服环境因素影响的技术措施

摘要

Application of ADCP to cross in river discharge measurement, the instrument surrounding magnetic field, the river's bed⁃load movement, and the high sediment concentration of flow as well as blind spots at the bottom and the surface layer will affect the precision of ADCP flow measuring. Based on the characteristics in the analysis of these factors, this paper presented some effective measures, such as the use of GPS positioning, an external high accuracy compass orientation, and special echo sounder. Meanwhile, correct installation and calibration of equipment, set reasonable measurement parameters, and the process control during measurement were also important links to ensure the river discharge measurement to carry out smoothly and collect the accuracy requirements. Finally, the recommendations proposed to cultivate professional personnel of discharge measurement and data analysis, and to complete preferably measuring quality control from fieldwork and data finishing.%在应用ADCP横渡法进行河流流量测验的过程中，仪器周边的环境磁场、河流的底沙运动、高含沙水流等外部环境因素以及仪器表底层的测验盲区均会影响ADCP的测流精度。在分析这些影响因素特点的基础上，提出了采用GPS定位、外置高精度罗经定向、专用测深仪测深等应对措施。同时，设备的正确安装及校正、设置合理的测流参数、测验中的过程控制等也是确保流量测验顺利进行和满足精度要求的重要环节。建议培养专业的流量测验及资料分析人员，从外业、内业等不同环节进行质量控制。