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1990年代以来在华跨国移民动态特征

             

摘要

Under the influence of globalization, these years have seen the growth of cross-border migrants in the world. China, with prosperous economy, has attracted quite a lot of transnational immigrants. By means of descriptive statistics, comparative analysis and cluster analysis, this paper intends to display the dynamics and features of transnational immigrants in China, and tries to clarify the differences of immigrants between China and developed countries. The study shows that, a large proportion of immigrants in developed countries are low-skilled immigrants, while in China, most are high-skilled immigrants, who come alone from developed countries with good education back-ground. They are mostly managerial or professional staff of transnational com-panies or overseas offices staying in China less than 4 years, and gather in big cities like Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. In view of this, new migra-tion theory that fits the actual situation of immigrants in China should be established.%全球化影响下人口跨界迁移势不可挡,中国亦凭借高速经济发展吸引众多外国人跨界来华。本文在此背景下,通过描述统计、比较分析、聚类分析等方法,刻画了1990年代以来在华跨国移民的增长动态,并以日本为参照比较了在华跨国移民的主要特征。研究发现,发达国家移民大多为低端移民、定居移民、以女性居多,而在华跨国移民以高端移民为主,以男性居多,大部分来源于发达国家,具有单身赴任、滞留时间短、受教育程度高、任职于外企或跨国机构、集聚于沿海发达省市等特征。这些移民聚居现象为我国制定符合中国国情的移民政策和国际化政策,探索研究新的移民理论提供了有益参考。

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