The Rhone has been a typically fierce river in European history. The untamed river, suffered from fierce currents, shallows, and floods, was a mythological symbol of force, power and ruthlessness. Then, the Rhone became a tame river that made great contributions to the recent industrial revolution and modern economic development of France. Twenty hydropower stations were built along the 500 km river reach, which set a world record in cascade devel-opment of river hydropower station. However, the era of cascade development of river hydropower station ended when France shifted its energy policy to rapid development of nuclear power since 1980s. Claims of environmental protection grew heater and heater. The Rhone basin harnessing entered an age of sustain-able development by restoring and protecting natural ecological environment. Dams and dikes were torn down; wetlands and floodplains showed up. Perception, policy and technology about river basin harnessing changed dramatically during development of complicated relations between human beings and rivers. The Rhone basin harnessing centered on a development strategy of healthy river and river health, which provides precious experiences for Chinese river basins harnessing.%罗纳河历史上曾经是欧洲的一条典型的“野性”河流，洪水汹涌，桀骜不驯。后来，它又成了一条为法国近代的工业革命和现代经济发展作出重大贡献的“驯服”的河流。在500多公里的河段，建造了20多座水电站，为河流水电站梯级开发之“世界之最”。然而，自从1980年代以来，随着法国能源政策转向大力发展核电，水电站梯级开发时代的结束，环境保护的呼声日益高涨，罗纳河的整治逐渐进入以自然生态环境的恢复和保护为中心的持续发展时代。人们开始拆除水坝和河堤，恢复河漫滩湿地，等等。在这人与河流复杂的相互关系的历史中，河流流域整治的观念，政策都发生了巨大的变化，整治的科技手段也有了很大的进步。罗纳河流域整治以“健康河流”和“河流健康”为中心的发展战略，为中国河流流域整治提供了值得借鉴的经验。
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