AIM:To investigate inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(ⅡR) with Toll-like receptor(TLR)-mediated innate immunity.METHODS:Ten macaques were randomized into control and ⅡR groups.The distribution and expression level of TLR2,TLR4,MD2,nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65 and interferon(IFN)-γ were measured by immunohistochemical stain and western blotting.The mRNA expression of TLR4,TLR2,MD2,interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.The cytokine levels in blood and intestinal tissues were measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Obvious hemorrhage and erosion of mucosae were seen in the ⅡR group.Expression of TLR2,TLR4,MD2,NF-κB p65 and IFN-γ was significantly higher in the ⅡR group than in the control group(0.13 ± 0.04,0.22 ± 0.04,0.16 ± 0.06,0.65 ± 0.12,0.38 ± 0.10 vs 0.07 ± 0.04,0.08 ± 0.03,0.04 ± 0.02,0.19 ± 0.06,0.14 ± 0.05,P < 0.05).In addition,the expression of TLR2,TLR4,MD2,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in the ⅡR group were significantly higher than those of control group(1.52 ± 0.15,1.39 ± 0.06,1.94 ± 0.12,1.48 ± 0.15,0.66 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.05,0.5 ± 0.04,0.77 ± 0.05,0.35 ± 0.08,0.18 ± 0.04,P < 0.05).Furthermore,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the macaques ileum and plasma were significantly higher than in the control group(plasma:86.3 ± 15.2,1129 ± 248.3,77.8 ± 16.2 vs 29.5 ± 7.3,19.8 ± 8.2,5.6 ± 1.7; ileum:273.4.± 44.7,1636 ± 168.0,205.5 ± 30.7 vs 76.8 ± 20.5,663.4 ± 186.9,49.0 ± 9.4; P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:After ⅡR,general inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa is correlated with a strong innate immune response,mediated by activation of the TLR-NF-κB-cytokine pathway.
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