Johns Hopkins University Baltimore 21218 USA;
Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USADepartment of Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Louisiana State University Louisiana 70803 USA;
University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Research Associate Program in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USADepartment of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 21201 USA;
Serum lactate; Refractory pain; Emergency general surgery; Emergency department;