关于辨证求因认知进路推理模式的研究

摘要

目的：在认知科学背景下探寻辨证求因认知进路的推理模式。方法：首先回顾中医的核心理论———辨证论治的研究出现的思维转向，揭示认知科学语境下类比推理、溯因推理、最佳说明的推理在科学发现中举足轻重的地位；进而分析辨证求因认知进路的逻辑结构，比较“取象比类与类比、隐喻”“司外揣内与溯因推理”“审证求因目的与最佳说明推理”的异同。结果：辨证求因认知进路中的思维结构与逻辑学所言类比／隐喻、溯因、最佳说明推理相通或相容。结论：从中医理论的总体特性来看，辨证求因蕴含类比／隐喻推理；从中医认识疾病的方法上来看，辨证求因蕴含溯因推理；从推理与说明先后的角度看，辨证求因蕴含最佳说明推理。可以从类比推理、溯因推理、最佳说明的推理的角度，展现辨证求因认知进路推理结构。%Objective:To research the inference model of seeking the cause of disease from syndrome differentiation from the perspective of cognitive science.Methods:Firstly,reviewed analogic reasoning,abduction and inference by best explanation in the context of cog-nitive science,reviewed the thinking transformation in the process of syndrome differentiation,which is the core theory of TCM.Second-ly,analyzed the logical structure of the cognitive process of seeking the cause of disease from syndrome differentiation,then made com-parisons between the Qu Lei Bi Xiang and analogy or metaphor,between Si Wai Chuai Nei and abduction,between seeking the cause of diseases from syndrome differentiation and inference by best explanation.Results:There are similarities or compatibilities between the cognitive structure of seeking the cause of diseases from syndrome differentiation and analogic /metaphorical reasoning,abduction and in-ference by best explanation.Conclusion:The process of seeking the cause of diseases from syndrome differentiation contains analogic or metaphorical reasoning,abduction from methodology of TCMs understanding of diseases,as well as best explanation,which reveal the inference structure of syndrome differentiation.