To understand the effect of soil moisture on output and quality ofCamellia oleifera, to provide technical support for moisture management ofC. oleifera, and to ensure high and stable yield, ten-year ‘Xiang Lin 81’C. oleifera clones was selected as subjects,ifve soil moisture treatments were set, including sufifcient water supply (T1), slight water shortage (T2), moderate water shortage(T3), severe water shortage(T4), and natural state (T5), and the major economic indexes were determined and analyzed, including water content in seed, water content in pericarp, seed rate in fresh fruit, and so on. The results were as follow: Firstly, water content in seed, water content in pericarp in T1 treatment were the maximum, those in T4 treatment was the minimum, the other values were between T1 and T4 treatments, and water content in soil was positively related to water content in seed and pericarp; Secondly, seed rate of fresh fruit in T1 treatment was the maximum, that in T5 treatment was the minimum, and the other were between T1 and T5 treatments, that was similar to water content in seed; Thirdly, dry seed rate of fresh seed, kernel rate of dry seed and oil content of dry kernel in T4 treatment were the maximum, those in T1 treatment were the minimum, and the other were between T4 and T1 treatments, which showed drought stress could increase the percentage of dry matter in fruit; Fourly, dry seed rate of dry fruit, oil content in fresh fruit, single fruit mass and oil content in single fruit in T2 treatment were the maximum, those in T4 treatment were the minimum, and the other were between T2 and T4 treatments, which showed that maintaining slight water stress was beneifcial to improve fruit production and oil production ofCamellia. Above all, among the ten economic indexes, the higher sensitive indexes to soil moisture change were single fruit mass and oil content in single fruit, the lower were water contents in seed and pericarp, and the rests were in middle. The relation models between the soil moisture and economic indexes ofC. oleifera were cubic polynomial, which could predicted yield.%为了掌握土壤水分对油茶产量与质量的影响情况，从而为油茶的水分管理提供技术支撑，以确保油茶高产稳产，选择‘湘林81’10年生油茶优良无性系为研究对象，设置无干旱胁迫（T1）、轻度干旱胁迫（T2）、中度干旱胁迫（T3）、重度干旱胁迫（T4）和自然状况（T5）这5种土壤水分处理，并在果实成熟时对其种子含水率、果皮含水率、鲜出籽率、鲜籽出干籽率、干出籽率、干籽出仁率、干仁出油率、鲜果含油率、单果质量、单果含油量等主要经济指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明：种子含水率、果皮含水率，T1处理的均最大，T4处理的均最小，其余处理均居中，土壤含水率与种子和果皮含水量均呈正相关；鲜出籽率，T1最大，T5最小，其余处理均居中，这与种子含水率的变化规律相似；鲜籽出干籽率、干籽出仁率、干仁出油率，T4的均最大，T1的均最小，其余处理均居中，这说明土壤干旱胁迫可提高果实中干物质的百分比；干出籽率、鲜果含油率、单果质量、单果含油量，T2的均最大，T4的均最小，其余处理均居中，这说明维持土壤轻度干旱胁迫，有利于提高油茶果实产量及产油量；在观测的10个经济指标中，对土壤水分变化敏感性高的指标有单果质量、单果含油量，敏感性低的指标为种子含水率、果皮含水率，其余指标对土壤水分变化的敏感性居中；油茶果实主要经济指标与土壤水分的关系模型均为三次多项式，以此模型可以预测油茶的产量。
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