'一带一路'分区水资源特征及水安全保障体系框架

摘要

Based on the study of the main water resources areas and division of the " Belt and Road ",average annual precipitation distribution map and contour lines of the " Belt and Road" were drawn by using the average daily precipitation site data from the Climate Data Online of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Based on the precipitation ratio of the main water resources area to the nation,the regional water resources amount is calculated.Combined with the water resources characteristics of "Belt and Road",the problem of water safety in the district is analyzed,and the framework of water security system with "Belt and Road" features was constructed from the seven aspects of water resources security,water environment security,water ecological security,water engineering security,water supply security,flood defense security and trans-boundary water security.The results show that: the precipitation of the "Belt and Road" is characterized by the spatial distribution of more in southeast part,less in middle,and moderate in northwest,and the density of contour lines of precipitation in different zones is different,showing that there are some differences in spatial characteristics of regional precipitation ; the spatial distribution of regional water resources is extremely unbalanced,for example,the ratio of water resources in Southeast Asia to the entire region is as high as 46.88％,while that in both East Africa and North Africa are less than 1％; the water security situation varies in the " Belt and Road" sub-districts,and the water security issues,which embodied in most areas,are prominent in underdeveloped areas such as Central Asia and Africa.The trans-boundary water security issues are reflected in most areas.%在研究"一带一路"主体水资源区及分区的基础上,使用美国国家海洋和大气管理局数据库Climate Data Online多年平均日降水量站点数据,绘制了"一带一路"多年平均降水量分布图及等值线;以主体水资源区与全国降水量的比值为依据,折算得到分区水资源量;结合"一带一路"水资源特征,分水资源安全、水环境安全、水生态安全、水工程安全、供水保障安全、洪涝防御安全和跨界水安全等7个方面,分析了分区水安全问题,构建了体现"一带一路"特色的水安全保障体系框架.结果表明:"一带一路"降水量呈东南多、中间少、西北适中的分布特征,不同分区降水量等值线疏密程度不同,表明分区降水空间特性存在一定差异;分区水资源量空间分布极不均衡,如东南亚水资源量占全区域的比值高达46.88％,而东非和北非占比均不足1％;"一带一路"分区水安全形势各不相同,欠发达地区水安全问题突出,如中亚和非洲,跨界水安全问题在大多数地区均有所体现.