Re-emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Nigeria,2014–2016:Role of Social Network and Value Chain Forces in Interstate Transmission

摘要

Dear Editor,Since 2004,high pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)due to H5N1 virus among others has caused a major veterinary health crisis,resulting in the loss of millions of poultry through death or culling in several countries in Asia,the Middle East,Europe,Africa and North America(Alexander2007;Lee et al.2016).