航天器在轨无损检测技术研究

摘要

On-orbit nondestructive evaluation(NDE) is the common method of NASA for the spacecraft structural health monitoring,because the impact of debris and the fatigue cracks will cause serious damages in the structure. The pa-per established pulsed eddy current(PEC)NDE system based on MR by analyzing the influences of space environment on the traditional NDE methods,the special requirements of space applications and simulation technology. The system worked without scanning,resolved the contradiction between testing resolution and testing depth of traditional eddy cur-rent method,and presented the parameters to describe conductive materials damages. The results of experiments con-formed that it was feasible to perform inspection in space by using the NDE system established.%航天器尤其是空间站在轨运行期间，碎片撞击以及应力集中区的疲劳损伤会对其结构产生较为严重的破坏作用，对航天器进行在轨诊断和评估是NASA的常规手段。从分析空间环境对常规无损检测方法的影响入手，结合空间应用的特殊要求，建立了基于MR的脉冲涡流无损检测系统，实现了非扫描无损检测技术，解决了传统电涡流无损检测技术的缺陷检测深度和缺陷检测分辨率无法兼顾的矛盾，给出了描述导电材料损伤的物理量及其量值的获取方法，试验结果表明此方法应用于航天器在轨无损检测是可行的。