土壤大孔隙对坡面溶质流失的影响

摘要

以室内实验槽为平台,利用人工模拟降雨实验,研究了大孔隙对坡面Br-流失的影响.研究结果表明,大孔隙坡面的地面径流中Br-流失总量和平均流失速率均较无大孔隙坡面小.将大孔隙特征尺度、降雨强度、降雨历时、坡度和离子吸附系数作为模型的输入,坡面溶质累积流失量作为模型输出,建立了基于模糊神经网络的坡面溶质流失模型.并以160组实测数据为基础,对模型进行了仿真验证.仿真结果显示,坡面累积溶质流失量模拟仿真输出与实验测量输出基本一致,所建系统模型是有效的.%Using indoor experimental tanks,a simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to explore the effect of soil macropore on slope Br-loss.Results revealed that the total amount and average rate of Brloss over slope land with soil macropore were less than those without soil macropore.A model of solute loss on slope was built based on fuzzy neural network.The characteristic scale of macropore,rainfall intensity,rainfall duration and adsorption coefficient of ions were used as input variables and the cumulative solute loss quantity on slope was output.Comparing with 160 sets of measured data,simulation results reflected real cumulative solute loss quantity on slope,which showed the established model was effective.