转筒与桨叶组合式日粮混合机设计与试验优化

摘要

The key of utilization of the ration feeding technique in ruminant-breeding industry is the research and application of ration mixers.In view of the practical application and popularization of the ration feeding technique in recent years in China,and in order to promote the development of animal husbandry,combining with the current situation of few self-dependent innovation of ration mixers in China,a combined-type ration mixer of drum and blade was designed.To explore the mixing performance and obtain the optimum parameters of the combined-type ration mixer of drum and blade,the method of quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was adopted to conduct the experiment by the self-developed combined-type ration mixing experimental device of drum and blade.The experimental diet was composed of cornmeal,soybean meal,salt,corn silage and hay.Mixing time,filling rate,rotational speed of drum and gyrating radius of blade were chosen as experimental factors,and mixing uniformity and net power consumption were determined as evaluation indexes.The regression mathematical models between the experimental factor and the evaluation index were established and analyzed by Design-Expert software,then the optimization result was verified by experiment.The results showed that the descending order of effects of various factors on mixing uniformity was filling rate,rotational speed of drum,mixing time and gyrating radius of blade;the descending order of effects of various factors on net power consumption was mixing time,rotational speed of drum,filling rate and gyrating radius of blade;and the mixing uniformity was 92.98％ and net power consumption was 32.618 kJ under the condition that mixing time was 3.5 min,filling rate was 66％,rotational speed of drum was 29 r/min and gyrating radius of blade was 236 mm.The research results could provide reference for the research and development,optimization design and parameter selection of ration mixers.%根据我国推广日粮饲养技术的需要及日粮混合机自主创新研究少的现状,设计了一种由中空正十棱柱状转筒与其主轴上安装的桨叶组合而成的日粮混合机,实现日粮各组分的混合加工.为探究其混合性能,利用转筒与桨叶组合式日粮混合试验装置,以混合时间、填充率、转筒转速、桨叶回转半径为试验因素,以混合均匀度、净功耗为评价指标,采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计方法进行试验研究.运用Design-Expert软件建立并优化分析了试验因素与评价指标之间的回归数学模型,对优化结果进行了试验验证.结果表明:各试验因素对混合均匀度的影响由大到小依次为填充率、转筒转速、混合时间、桨叶回转半径;各试验因素对净功耗的影响由大到小依次为混合时间、转筒转速、填充率、桨叶回转半径;最佳参数组合方案为混合时间3.5 min、填充率66％、转筒转速29 r/min和桨叶回转半径236 mm,对应的混合均匀度为92.98％、净功耗为32.618 kJ,比优化前分别降低了5.04％、3.31％.