为了研究我国北方土石山区流域土壤斥水性影响因素及其分布规律,以妫水河流域为例开展了野外调查和室内研究.对流域内9种植被类型共385个土壤样本的滴水穿透时间(Water drop penetration time,WDPT)与土壤有机质含量、pH值、质量分形维数、土壤颗粒比表面积进行统计分析.研究表明:WDPT由大到小依次为有林地、灌木林、疏林地、果园、高覆盖度草地、旱地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地、滩地.有林地和灌木林为强烈斥水性,疏林地和果园为轻微斥水性,高覆盖度草地无斥水性,旱地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地和滩地为亲水性;土壤斥水性在流域的空间分布上表现为西北部、东北部和东南部山区斥水性较大,中部盆地斥水性较小;在垂向分布上表现为表层最大、中层次之、深层最小;WDPT与土壤有机质含量呈正相关性,与pH值、质量分形维数、土壤颗粒比表面积呈负相关性;土壤pH值和有机质含量是斥水性的主要影响因素,质量分形维数、土壤颗粒比表面积是次要因素.%In order to research the distribution rule and influence factors of soil water repellency of rocky mountain area of northern China,the Guishui River Basin was taken as an example,the field investigation and lab analysis was carried out.Totally 385 soil samples of 9 different vegetation types were collected and the change rule between water drop penetration time (WDPT) with the factors of soil organic content,pH value,and mass fractal dimension and soil particle specific surface area was analyzed by the system.The research results showed that the order of soil water repellency degree was forest lands,shrubbery,open forest land,orchard,high coverage grassland,dryland,medium and low coverage grass land and beach land.The WDPT in northwest,northeast and southeast mountains of the basin was bigger,and in central basin was smaller in spatial distribution,meanwhile,the WDPT in soil surface was the most,intermediate was the second,and deep layers was the least in vertical direction.The WDPT had a positive correlation with the organic content,and it had an inverse correlation with pH value,mass fractal dimension and specific surface area.The pH value was the main influencing factor of WDPT for forest lands,shrubbery,orchard and high coverage grassland.The organic content was the major influence factor of WDPT for dryland,medium and low coverage grass land.For open forest land,the specific surface area was the principal influence factor of WDPT,and the mass fractal dimension was the major influence factor of WDPT for beach land.
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