针对太阳能苦咸水淡化系统中太阳能集热系统在高温段时(≥100℃)效率低，而苦咸水淡化系统在低温段时效率低的结构性不匹配问题，提出了聚光直接加热式太阳能苦咸水淡化系统，为了提高苦咸水的吸光能力，将黑色粒子投入到透明玻璃蒸发器内的苦咸水中，实现了苦咸水的功能化，从光学角度对功能化苦咸水的通光性能展开研究，给出沸腾状功能化水体的通光性能变化规律，并对非沸腾状苦咸水的通光率进行了理论计算。结果表明，功能化苦咸水的通光率随粒子丰度增大在特定点前快速减小而后减小缓慢，其中在测试范围内，含有粒径为0.63 mm粒子的功能化水体的通光率最小，水体通光率最大可减小60.09%；且理论计算变化曲线与试验测量变化曲线趋势一样，理论计算结果与试验测试结果吻合较好，2个测试水体的决定系数R2分别为0.98694和0.96641。该文为提高苦咸水吸光能力的研究提供了有价值的参考。%The lack of drinking water has been a great challenge for humanity and will continue in the future. Previous research indicated that brackish water can be treated using solar energy with no negative impact on the environment. However, the biggest main obstacles for solar brackish water desalination technology are high cost and applied at small scale. Because the low efficiency of the solar collector system at high temperature (≥100℃) and low efficiency of the brackish water desalination system at low temperature are not consistent. In this study, a strong concentrating light and direct heating type solar brackish water system was testedd through utilizing the high efficient concentrating solar energy system. This kind of system produced high strength solar energy and could concentrate them to the brackish water directly. The high temperature and high pressure steam were generated and provided for the traditional brackish water desalination system. In order to enhance the sun light absorbtive capacity of the brackish water, the influence of the operation conditions including beam transmission position, abundance and size of particle from the view point of optics were studied. The transmission performance of the brackish water under boiling in an optical darkroom was tested. Furthermore, the transparency rate of the functioned brackish water under non-boiling were analyzed using experiment results. The results indicate that the transparency rate of the functioned brackish water is affected by the beam transmission position. It decreased sharply at the beginning with increasing particle abundance and decreased slowly when the particle abundance was over definite quantity. In our experiment, the particle size was chosen as 0.63 mm, 1.03 mm and 2.00 mm, respectively. The particle size in brackish water plays an important role in its transmission performance. When the particle size was about 0.63mm, the transparency rate of the brackish water is smallest, and the attenuation rate of the transparency rate of lights reached 60.09%under the experimental conditions. While the attenuation rate of the transparency rate of lights reached 24.08%when the particle size was 2.00 mm. The luminosity on the sidewall surface also decreased with increasing particle abundance, which means the absorbtive capacity of the functioned brackish water is better than that of traditional brackish water. The trend of the variation of the theoretical calculation is the same as that of the variation of experimental results. The experimental results are also consistent with statistical results, and the R2 of the experimental analysis was 0.98694.
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