Low power generation efficiency is one of the main obstacles to apply PV (photovoltaic) modules in large scale, and therefore studying the influence factors is of great significance. This article has independently developed a kind of automatic dedusting system of PV modules, which has the advantage of simple structure, low installation cost, reliable operation, without the use of water in the ash deposition, continuous and effective dedusting. The system has been applied to 3 kinds of occasions, including supplying power separately by the PV conversion cell with temperature in the range of -45℃−35℃, having various experimental tests of the assemble angles by the PV module cells and a large area of the PV power system. The dedusting effect of the automatic dedusting system is tested with temperature in the range of -10℃−5℃ when applied in the power separately by the PV conversion cell. Adopting the automatic dedusting system, the dynamic occlusion in the operation process has been simulated and the influence law of the output parameter for PV modules has been researched; the effect of dedusting has been analyzed under different amounts of the ash deposition; the effect of dedusting changing with the amount of the ash deposition has been summarized, and the opening time and the running period have been determined. The experimental PV modules are placed in outdoor open ground at an angle of 45°for 3, 7, 20 days and the amounts of the ash deposition are 0.1274, 0.2933, 0.8493 g/m2separately. The correction coefficient of PV modules involved in the experiments is 0.9943. The results show that, when the system is in the horizontal and vertical cycle, the cleaning brush makes the output parameters of the PV modules, including the output power, the electric current and the voltage, change according to the V-shaped law as it crosses a row of battery. Compared with the process of downlink, the output parameters of PV modules in the process of uplink fluctuate more largely. When the dynamic occlusion area is increased by 1.6150%, the low value of power output of PV modules will decline by about 40%; when the automatic dedusting system runs for 1 year in horizontal and vertical direction, the independent PV modules generate energy loss of 1.0241 and 0.8034 kW·h respectively. So the electricity consumption can be neglected in terms of the independent PV modules, however, the electricity consumption of large capacity PV generation system in the process of dedusting can not be neglected. The running process of the system is scheduled to start about 10 min before sunrise and operated once every 3 days according to different regions and seasons; the average output powers of PV modules are increased by 1.5171%, 1.7312% and 9.6021% respectively after dedusting when the ash depositions are collected for 3, 7 and 20 days. The more the amount of ash deposition is, the more obviously the automatic dedusting system runs. The automatic dedusting system can better improve the power generation efficiency of PV modules.%该文针对自动除尘系统运行过程中动态遮挡对光伏组件输出特性影响规律和系统运行后除尘效果进行了研究分析，进而指导光伏组件自动除尘系统运行开启时刻与持续时间的设置，以实现最优化的除尘效果。结果表明：系统在横向（清扫毛刷运行过程平行于水平面）和纵向（清扫毛刷运行过程倾角等于光伏组件安装倾角）各运行周期中，清扫毛刷每经过一排电池组均会使光伏组件输出参数按V形规律变化，自动除尘系统上行时清扫装置对光伏组件的动态遮挡面积相对下行过程增加1.6150%后光伏组件输出功率低谷值下降40%左右；自动除尘系统运行效果随积灰量呈正相关变化；各类光伏组件的除尘过程应避开光伏组件有功率输出的时间段进行，根据地区与季节的不同定在日出之前10 min开始运行，可实现最优的除尘效果。
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