为实现农田土壤样本采样及管理智能化,设计了基于3S(GIS:geographic information system;GPS:global positioning system;RS:remote sensing)、ZigBee无线通信、射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)、4G等技术的土壤采样智能管理系统,该系统由采集节点、协调器网关、移动终端和远程管理软件组成,其中采集节点用来获取土壤样本的地理位置信息、RFID电子标签数据以及土壤环境的温湿度.协调器网关由ZigBee协调器连接4G模块组成,实现ZigBee无线网络转换为4G网络.4G模块经配置软件配置好服务器IP和端口号等信息后,将采集节点获取的数据传输到远程服务器的管理软件中.通过系统稳定性试验测试,丢包率为0.2%,该系统具有较高的可靠性.移动终端采用掌上电脑PDA(personal digital assistant),实现土样采集的现场监测管理.远程管理软件应用Web、SQL Server(structured query language server)、Socket等技术开发了数据接收显示、百度地图、数据自动成图(2D、3D)等功能模块.利用GPS信息在百度地图中可以实现采样点的实时跟踪,调用数据库数据或者本地试验数据可以自动生成有关土壤信息的空间分布图.该系统采集土壤样本信息的同时也可获取相应的土壤样本养分信息,将土壤养分信息数据按照RFID标签导入土壤管理软件中对应的土样信息栏,生成了土壤养分空间分布图,为后续变量施肥提供决策支持.%In order to realize intelligent management of soil sampling in farmland, remote intelligent management system of soil sampling was designed based on the technologies including 3S (GIS, geographic information system; GPS, global positioning system; RS, remote sensing), ZigBee wireless communication, RFID (Radio frequency identification), the 4G (4th generation) communication system, and so on. The system consists of acquisition node, gateway of the coordinator, mobile terminal and remote management software. The acquisition node can obtain the geographic location information of soil samples, the RFID electronic tag and the temperature and humidity of the soil environment; key technologies used in acquisition node are ZigBee wireless communication protocol, serial port communication protocol, and modules of data parsing, packaging, sending, and so on. The gateway of the coordinator is constituted by ZigBee coordinator and 4G module, realizing data transformation from the ZigBee wireless network to 4G network. And the data of acquisition node would be transmitted to management software of remote server when the 4G DTU (data transfer unit) was configured with server IP (Internet Protocol), port number and other configuration information. PDA (personal digital assistant) is used as mobile terminal, which has been remodeled by embedding a micro ZigBee coordinator and a management software in the system. So it is convenient and portable to achieve monitoring and controlling of soil samples collection in time for user, and another important function of PDA is it can realize the transformation of the data from soil samples acquisition node to remote server management software through GSM/GPRS (Global System for Mobile communication / General Packet Radio Service) network if there is no 4G network in remote farmland area. The 4G network is primary communication means under normal circumstances because of its higher efficiency and reliability. Therefore, this method can enhance reliability of the whole system with the double communication links. Management software of remote server develops the data reception, Baidu map, automatic data mapping (two-dimensional, three-dimensional) and other function modules based on Web, SQL (structured query language) Server, Socket and other technologies. Data will be saved to different groups for each test in data reception module, so it is convenient to process data for user. The real-time tracking of soil sampling can be realized through Baidu map with latitude and longitude information from GPS module, and the spatial distribution figure of soil sampling can be automatically generated by calling data collected in database or uploading the local experiment data. We can use system to collect soil sample information and obtain according total nitrogen content of soil sample in laboratory at the same time. In this way, total nitrogen content data of soil sample were imported into information bar by corresponding RFID label in soil management software, generating spatial distribution figure of soil nitrogen, which will provide the decision support for subsequent variable fertilization. The stability test of the system shows it has a high reliability, the packet loss rate of which is 0.2%. So the remote intelligent management system for soil sampling can work stably and accurately, and can be used in production practice. With the further study of the system, it will continue to be improved. The next step will be to increase the number of ZigBee acquisition nodes, and sensor is integrated with different functions of field information detection.
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