铝合金激光深熔焊接飞溅影响焊接稳定性并部分反映激光焊过程特性.对比研究了CO2及光纤激光焊接6061-T6铝合金的飞溅特性,探讨了两种激光焊飞溅特性差异的原因.借助高速摄像仪记录飞溅运动特性,收集并测量焊接飞溅,采用X2检验和最小二乘法拟合飞溅速度及尺寸分布.结果表明,两种激光焊飞溅速度均服从高斯分布,飞溅尺寸均呈对数正态分布,但光纤激光焊飞溅统计平均速度更大,表明光纤激光焊时更需注重聚焦系统保护；光纤激光焊飞溅统计平均直径更小,拟合结果更服从对数正态分布,表明光纤激光焊过程比CO2激光焊过程更稳定.%Spatters in laser penetration welding of aluminum alloys affects the process stability and reflects the laser welding process to a certain degree. The spatter characteristics in CO2 laser and fiber welding of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy were investigated, and the reasons for the difference in spatter characteristics were discussed. Dynamic behavior of spatters was recorded in real-time by a high-speed camera. The spatter particles were captured and their sizes were measured experimentally. Probability density functions ( PDFs) about the spatter velocity and size were fitted by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method in X2 test. The result indicates that the spatter speed follows Gaussian distribution and the particle size follows lognormal distribution in both cases. However, the statistical speed of spatters is faster in fiber laser welding, which indicates that more attention should be paid to protect the focusing system. Moreover, the statistical diameters of the spatter particles are smaller and PDFs of the particle size is more fit with Lognormal distribution in fiber laser welding, which means that fiber laser welding process is more stable than CO2 laser welding process.
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