A three dimensional finite element model of the short-circuit test transformer was established in this paper, the short circuit varies was calculated considering elastic plastic with the nonlinear buckling analysis method, and the calculation results were verified by the experimental displacement measurement. Then, for the cumulative effect of multiple short circuit impact, the problem of multiple short circuit loss was studied by using the method of buckling analysis, Finally, the influence of the number of short circuit and the support structure failure on the short-circuit stability was stated by comparing the safety factor. The results show that the simulation can accurately calculate the displacement value of the transformer short-circuit test, the error is not more than 10%, the number of short circuit impact on the safety factor of the radical instability.%建立了短路实验变压器的三维有限元模型,对残余形变量进行了计算,计算过程中考虑了材料的弹塑性变化,并根据短路实验中位移测量值对计算结果进行了校验;其次,针对多次短路冲击的累积效应,采用考虑初始缺陷的屈曲分析方法,对多次短路辐向失稳问题进行了研究;最后,通过对比安全系数阐明了短路冲击次数、一次短路后支撑结构失效对绕组短路稳定性的影响.结果表明仿真能够较精确地计算变压器短路实验位移值,误差不超过10%,短路冲击次数对辐向失稳安全系数有较大影响;支撑结构与辐向失稳安全系数的关系应分情况讨论.
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