美国石油行业减少人为失误标准先进性研究

摘要

人为失误是导致石油行业重大事故的重要因素。管理层普遍采用激励或纪律方法减少人为失误，或者基于人为失误的技术原因采取纠正措施，较少研究员工个人原因造成人为失误。以美国石油学会标准API Publ 770-2001为例，该标准的先进性在于有意和无意的人为失误定义，基于员工性格、对人员产生影响的任务/设备/程序以及心理/生理应激源影响因素，促进性压力因素提高员工工作绩效的方法，列举了程序不完善、仪表故障、专业知识不足等11项人为失误的工程实践经验。最后，提出了借鉴该标准，改进国内人为失误标准的建议。%Human Error was an important factor leading to major accident of petroleum Industry. Manager generally used incentive or discipline method to reduce human error, or taking corrective measures based on technology reason, few people personal reasons for the study of human error. The paper introduced American Petroleum Institute standard API Publ 770-2001, and the advancement was expounded in detail, such as the definition of unintentional and intentional human error, and influence factor based on personality and task/equipment/procedure and mental/psychology stressor, and applied facilitative stress to improve personal performance, and engineering practice experience of 11 human error including deficient procedure and instrument failure and insufficient knowledge. Finally, the suggestion of adopting of Publ 770-2001 to improve domestic standard was made.