车载自组织网中基于蚁群算法的延迟感知路由协议

摘要

In order to solve the data transmission failure problem and improve the degradation of communi-cation performance on city roads in vehicular ad hoc networks( VANETs) ,a delay perception routing proto-col based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. Firstly,a two-way lanes model of delay is established. Then according to the concept of endpoint intersection( EI) ,the routing protocol uses ant colony optimization to find the best route. According to the local delay and global delay of a route between current intersection and the endpoint intersection of destination,path is selected by forward ants. Backward ants are responsible for updating pheromone in the return path. At the same time,packets are transmitted by greedy forwarding al-gorithm between the adjacent intersections. Finally, ant colony algorithm based delay perception routing protocol and connectivity aware routing protocol are compared by simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol is superior in terms of packet transmission delay, packet loss rate and communication performance.%针对城市道路环境下车载自组织网( VANETs)中通信性能下降以及数据传输失败的问题,提出了一种基于蚁群算法的延迟感知路由( ACDR)协议。首先,建立双向车道的数学延迟模型；然后,根据提出的端点十字路口( EI)的概念,ACDR利用蚁群优化( ACO)寻找最佳路线,其中前向蚂蚁根据本地路段延迟以及当前十字路口与目的节点的端点十字路口之间的全局时延来选择路径,后向蚂蚁则负责在返回路径时更新信息素,同时,相邻十字路口之间利用贪婪转发算法进行数据包的传递。最后仿真比较了ACDR协议与连通性感知路由( CAR)协议的性能,结果表明提出的ACDR协议的数据包的传输延迟小,丢包率低,通信性能好。