美军航天测控企业级地面体系的发展

摘要

美国军事航天地面测控系统采用为每种军事卫星系统配套专用测控系统的方式构建,形成"烟囱"式割裂的格局,造成资源和人力的极大浪费.空间威胁的日益严峻迫使美军进行地面系统的转型.美军提出构建"企业地面体系"(EGA),用通用的测控系统完成所有军事卫星的测控,通过云技术提高网络安全性,通过自动化和商业化减少操作人员,提高系统效率,降低运维成本,腾出更多人力完成有效载荷的部署与操控,以应对日益迫近的太空作战.虽然美军EGA的具体方案还未出台,但通过对其发展背景、总体设想、拟采用的关键技术及发展现状进行跟踪分析,总结了美军构建通用军事测控系统的总体设计思路及设计原则,对我国航天测控系统的发展提出了建议.%U.S.military satellite ground TT&C networks are costly,fragmented and potentially duplicative because they are dedicated networks,which are designed to operate a single satellite system.As space threats increasing,the ground system transformation is necessary.Department of Defense(DoD) proposes an Enterprise Ground Architecture(EGA),which utilizes the shared common system to perform TT&C functions for all military satellites,cloud technology to improve cyberspace security,and automation and commercialization to reduce operators and operation and maintenance cost and improve system efficiency.Therefore more people can be freed to perform payload deployment and operation in the impending space war.Although its detail design concept doesn′t presented from U.S.military,the EGA′s design idea and principle are concluded through analysis of its background,enabled technologies and development status,and some advices are proposed for China′s space TT&C system development.